Existing Software
A curated directory of published software, platforms, and research tools that model prebiotic chemistry, protocell dynamics, and the emergence of life. These projects represent the state of the art across computational origin-of-life research.
Artificial Chemistry & Abiogenesis Simulators
Software that models prebiotic chemical reaction networks, autocatalytic sets, and the transition from non-living chemistry to proto-biology.
ChemEvolve
PythonStochastic simulation of chemical reaction networks with evolutionary dynamics. Models autocatalytic sets and chemical selection in prebiotic environments.
Chemputer (Cronin Lab)
PythonLee Cronin's automated chemistry platform for exploring assembly theory and the algorithmic origins of complex molecules from simple precursors.
GARD (Lancet Lab)
Computational ModelGraded Autocatalysis Replication Domain model — simulates compositional genomes in lipid assemblies, exploring the "lipid world" hypothesis for abiogenesis.
Photochem
Fortran / PythonPhotochemical kinetics model for planetary atmospheres — simulates atmospheric photochemistry and climate on early Earth and other rocky planets relevant to prebiotic chemistry.
Artificial Life Platforms
General-purpose artificial life simulators that explore self-replication, emergent complexity, and evolution from minimal starting conditions.
Avida / Avida-ED
C++ / WebDigital evolution platform where self-replicating computer programs mutate, compete for resources, and evolve complex features. Used extensively in evolutionary biology research.
Tierra
CTom Ray's pioneering artificial life system — self-replicating programs evolve parasites, immunity, and ecological dynamics in a virtual computer. Foundational ALife work from the 1990s.
Lenia
Python / JSContinuous cellular automaton framework that produces diverse lifelike organisms from simple mathematical rules. Explores the boundary between chemistry and biology.
OpenWorm
Python / C++Open-source project to build the first digital organism — a complete computational model of C. elegans from molecular to behavioral level. Demonstrates bottom-up biological modeling.
Protocell & Membrane Simulation
Tools focused on lipid self-assembly, vesicle dynamics, and compartmentalisation — key steps in the emergence of the first cells.
GROMACS
C / CUDAHigh-performance molecular dynamics engine widely used to simulate lipid bilayer self-assembly, membrane fusion, and vesicle formation at atomic resolution.
NAMD
C++ / CUDAScalable molecular dynamics for large biomolecular systems. Used to model prebiotic membrane assembly, peptide-lipid interactions, and protocell energetics.
Martini Force Field
Coarse-Grained MDCoarse-grained molecular dynamics framework enabling simulation of lipid self-assembly and vesicle formation at timescales relevant to prebiotic chemistry.
PySAGES
Python / JAXPython Suite for Advanced General Ensemble Simulations — enhanced sampling methods for studying rare events like spontaneous vesicle formation and membrane encapsulation.
RNA World & Molecular Evolution
Simulators focused on RNA replication, ribozyme evolution, and the emergence of genetic information systems.
ViennaRNA Package
C / PythonComprehensive toolkit for RNA secondary structure prediction, folding kinetics, and the evolution of RNA sequences — central to testing RNA World hypotheses computationally.
RNAMake
Python / C++Toolkit for designing and simulating 3D RNA structures. Relevant to understanding how early ribozymes could fold into functional catalysts in the RNA World.
NUPACK
Python / C++Nucleic Acid Package — thermodynamic analysis and design of nucleic acid structures, sequences, and devices. Essential for modelling RNA folding and hybridisation in prebiotic contexts.
Aevol
C++In silico experimental evolution platform — simulates the evolution of digital organisms with realistic genotype-to-phenotype mapping, exploring how genetic systems emerge and evolve.
Geochemical & Planetary Modelling
Software for modelling the environmental conditions of early Earth — hydrothermal systems, atmospheric chemistry, and ocean geochemistry.
PHREEQC
C / FortranUSGS aqueous geochemistry modelling program. Simulates reactions, mineral dissolution, and ion speciation in hydrothermal vent and ocean chemistry conditions relevant to abiogenesis.
SUPCRT / SUPCRTBL
FortranCalculates standard thermodynamic properties of minerals, gases, and aqueous species at high T/P — essential for modelling deep-sea vent and early Earth geochemistry.
PROTEUS
Python / FortranFramework for coupled atmosphere-interior evolution of rocky planets. Models early Earth conditions including magma ocean cooling and atmospheric composition where prebiotic chemistry began.
VPLanet
C / PythonVirtual Planet Simulator — models the evolution of planetary habitability including tidal heating, atmospheric escape, and surface conditions over billions of years.
This directory is provided for educational and research reference. Links point to external projects maintained by their respective authors and institutions. BOL is an independent project and is not affiliated with any of the listed software. Last updated March 2026.